In-situ phosphine oxide physical networks: A facile strategy to achieve durable flame retardant and antimicrobial treatments of cellulose

• Cotton cellulose was modified via in situ phosphine oxide macromolecules. Phosphorus monomer crosslinked with amine Michael addition reaction. Excellent flame retardancy and durability to 50 laundry cycles achieved. Hydrophilicity comfort properties of the treated fabrics were enhanced. Antimicrobial property achieved silver nano particle treatment. A facile methodology durably modify fibers by forming in-situ macromolecular physical networks is developed this work. Such formed treating a mixture adducts [trivinyl (TVPO) cyclic amines (piperazine 2,4,6-tri(piperazine-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine)] followed click crosslinking reaction initiated dry heat, microwave, or steaming process. The network integrated within produce durable treatment against laundering. NMR SEM analysis verified formation macromolecules bulk fiber. homogenous an outstanding phosphorus (P) retention (>95%) after even cycles. cotton exhibited excellent fire retardant limiting oxygen index value >27% passed Swiss vertical flammability test at 2 wt% P. Analysis evolved gasses during thermal decomposition supported both condensed gas phases mechanism. further adapted include antimicrobial nanoparticles using single-step process demonstrate versatility novel methodology. fabric as well also Contact angle measurements moisture management confirmed behavior fabric.